U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) was created in 2003 by merging the investigative and interior immigration enforcement elements of the former U.S. Customs Service and the Immigration and Naturalization Service. ICE now has more than 20,000 law enforcement and support personnel in more than 400 offices across the United States and around the world.
The agency has an annual budget of approximately $8 billion, allocated primarily to three bureaus: Homeland Security Investigations (HSI), Enforcement and Removal Operations (ERO), and the Office of Chief Legal Counsel (OPLA). A fourth bureau—the Office of Management and Administration (M&A)—supports the three operational branches to advance ICE's mission.
The institution is responsible, among other functions, for the deportation of undocumented immigrants.
The service has the following offices:
- Enforcement and Removal Operations ( ERO)
- Homeland Security Investigations ( HSI)
- Management and Administration Office ( M&A)
- Office of the Principal Legal Advisor ( OPLA)
- Office of Professional Responsibility ( OPR)
ICE has two main components: Homeland Security Investigations (HSI) and Enforcement and Removal Operations (ERO).
ICE is a federal agency under the jurisdiction of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) charged with the investigation and enforcement of more than 400 federal statutes within the United States and also maintains attachés at major U.S. diplomatic missions abroad. ICE does not patrol American borders; rather, that role is performed by the U.S. Border Patrol , a unit of Customs and Border Protection, which is a sister agency to ICE.
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